08 August 2023

The Pastoral Import of Eremitical Life

[[ Sister, could you say something more about how you see living eremitical solitude as ministerial or as a pastoral calling?]]

Yes, I'd be glad to do that. Because of time constraints, what I am going to do is quote from a couple of posts I published here about 13 years ago (November 2010) in response to questions about living as a hermit part-time, self-defined hermit life, and the importance of canonical eremitism. These posts were part of a conversation I had where a reader disagreed when I took exception to his sense that one could be a hermit on Saturdays alone, dress up in a habit if desired, and be as authentic as a full-time hermit (in this case, with canonical standing). My concern was with the way a consecrated hermit ministers to others out of the authenticity of her life with God in the silence of solitude. While I believe all true hermits are called to full-time eremitical life and will minister out of their authentic eremitism, whether or not they are canonically professed and consecrated, the most important part of my response had to do with the normative nature of a full-time canonical vocation and its related pastoral import, especially when contrasted with the example provided by my interlocutor. When the content of this excerpt is added to my last post, I hope it helps indicate how a hermit's life is genuinely pastoral or ministerial. N.B., redactions are enclosed in brackets [].

[[Why All the Angst?? The Pastoral Import of Canonical Standing

But, as you ask, why all the angst? I've written about this before under the idea of necessary expectations and charism, but let me draw a picture of "why the angst?!" Let's take the two examples of eremitical life outlined in your own email and mine: 1) a person [like your father] takes off on Saturdays for some prayer time, dons a [religious] habit, and calls himself a "hermit" even adopting the title "Brother." (What he does the rest of the week, exemplary or apostolic as it may be, I have no clue, nor does anyone else.) He then goes forth to proclaim the Gospel as he can. 2) a person lives the silence of solitude (and the rest of the elements of Canon 603) full-time. She publicly vows her entire life to God (and so, to all those God cherishes) and is consecrated in a way that signals the grace to live this life. She is vested with the habit and given the right to the title Sister by the Church which recognizes and helps ensure the meaningfulness and import of these things. She proclaims the Gospel uniquely within this context. Both persons identify themselves as "hermits", one is a lay person and one is consecrated. One is full-time, and one is not. One does so according to his own understanding of the term, the other according to the Church's understanding and traditional meaning of the term.

Meanwhile, their respective parishes have a large number of chronically ill and frail elderly on fixed incomes, most of whom are isolated in significant ways from the parish as a whole or from the surrounding communities: none of them can work, few of them can drive or get away from their situations on a weekend, and none of them can take a day (or even an hour) off from their state of chronic illness or frail elderliness. What they do know [from homilies they have heard and stories of saints] is that they might be called to lives of prayer and solitude, lives that represent a kind of counter-cultural witness even. They are looking for someone who can proclaim the Gospel to them in a way that is specifically helpful in their situations. They think (and their pastor agrees),  that surely a hermit will be able to witness in a way that helps us make sense of [and give hope to] lives of poverty and marginalization, whose witness will assist in negotiating the transition from isolation to solitude, [and] who can remind them that a life of physical, financial, and personal poverty can still be rich in God and all God makes possible.

So which hermit should the pastor call on to assist these parishioners in this? Which hermit should he call on as a true representative of [a living] desert spirituality? Which hermit has accepted freely and fully all the dimensions of the eremitical life which allows him or her to witness truthfully and effectively to these people? Which hermit knows intimately the struggles of full-time solitude or silence? Which one has dealt with these and does so day in and day out along with all the other demons which attack the solitary person from within their own hearts or from the surrounding competitive, workaholic, productive, and consumerist world? Which one will be able to effectively proclaim the Gospel to these people? (And, N. B., I could have contrasted the Saturday-only hermit with any full-time lay hermit and most of the points would have been the same here.)

You see, going out and preaching the Gospel is not merely a matter of proclaiming a canned text or message to people one does not know. It is not a matter of proclaiming the unconditional love of God without applying that in the way one knows it intimately oneself and in the way people need to hear it. Instead, proclaiming the Gospel means proclaiming with one's life the truth of the way God has worked and is working in it so that others might find hope and meaning in that. As St Francis of Assisi [is purported to have] once said, "Preach the Gospel; use words if necessary." Proclaiming the Gospel, I would suggest, also does not allow for pretense while the "hermit" in the situation you described appears to be all about pretense --- at least with regard to calling himself a hermit, donning a habit, etc. He cannot relate particularly to the situation these people are in or the good news they really need to hear. He does not live a definitive solitude [that is, a solitude rooted in his relationship with God that defines his life] nor has he assumed any of the rights or responsibilities of such a life (the habit in the scenario you described is little more than a costume he takes up to play a role on weekends.) And yet, the habit and titles (Brother as well as hermit) give these people the right to expect he will be able to speak to their situation in a helpful way from his own life experience. They have the right to expect these things to mean what they mean to the church --- not least a counter-cultural life of total dependence on God lived on the margins of society in the silence of solitude.

This is why all the angst over canonical [normative] standing. Such standing in law generally indicates the acceptance of rights and obligations by those who are discerned to have such a call [which includes full-time life as a hermit], etc. It is not because we [canonical hermits] are Pharisees, but because law often serves love. It does so in this case. . . .

[[So, I think we should just agree to disagree. I guess it comes down to who is the more accepting here? What is the most compassionate response? For that matter, why don't you go back and consider your own baptismal vows---why weren't they enough? What makes your life intrinsically 'other' than other's? It doesn't sound very nice the other way, does it?]]

While we may agree to disagree, there is a distinction between being genuinely accepting and merely being uncritical and uncaring of meaning or truth. Compassion requires that we be truly loving, and it is not loving to allow a person to live a lie, or to empty meaningful terms of content when that content is a gift of the Holy Spirit to the Church and World. [In the Roman Catholic Church] Canon 603 is such a gift. It defines the nature of eremitical life in a world at a time when dislocation, isolation, alienation, and the search for meaning in our isolation and alienation are rampant. Even so, it is a canon that allows for great diversity and flexibility even while (and perhaps because) it clearly spells out foundational, or non-negotiable elements comprising authentic solitary eremitical life. It is the entire vision of eremitical life which it provides us which is a gift of the Holy Spirit to both the Church and world.

I will repeat my main point from the other post because this is the true answer to "What is it to you?" above as well. FULL-TIME hermits who have allowed isolation and marginality to be redeemed and thus transformed into the "Silence of solitude [lived in the heart of the church]", can speak effectively to all those persons in our parishes, dioceses, neighborhoods, and the larger world who CANNOT leave their situations for time off even one day a week -- those who are chronically ill, disabled, the isolated elderly, impoverished, etc. Hermits' lives are God's compassionate answer to many of the most significant questions these myriads of people have and are. 

These people need to know that their aloneness is not a sign of the senselessness of life or abandonment by God, but the ground out of which God can call them to the silence of solitude and union with himself. I don't think a person who is busy, engaged, working, socializing 5-6 days a week, and then takes a day for silence, solitude, and contemplative prayer can effectively serve in this way. Hermits, whether lay or consecrated, who live the terms of Canon 603 with the whole of their lives, can minister to these people in a way I believe no one else can do quite as fully or effectively. I believe this ministry is part of the charism of eremitical life and a reason the life (not an avocation) is growing today. It is certainly a reason eremitical spirituality is growing today, but again, embracing [discrete] elements of this spirituality does not make one a hermit any more than my own embracing of elements of Ignatian spirituality makes me a Jesuit.